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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021The cyclic lipopeptide produced from strain HY1 was isolated from Korean soybean sauce . The chemical structures of the surfactin isomers were analyzed using...
The cyclic lipopeptide produced from strain HY1 was isolated from Korean soybean sauce . The chemical structures of the surfactin isomers were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The five potential surfactin isoforms were detected with protonated masses of 994.7, 1008.7, 1022.7, 1036.7, and 1050.7 and different structures in combination with Na, K, and Ca ions. ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed that the isolated surfactin possessed the precise amino acid sequence LLVDLL and hydroxyl fatty acids with 12 to 16 carbons. The surfactin content during c fermentation increased from 0.3 to 51.2 mg/kg over 60 h of fermentation. The mixture of five surfactin isoforms of inhibited the growth of two cancer cell lines. The growth of both MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells was strongly inhibited with 100 μg/μL of surfactin. This study is the first-time report of five surfactin isomers of strain HY1 during Korean soybean sauce fermentation, which has cytotoxic properties.
Topics: Bacillus pumilus; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Proliferation; Fermented Foods; Humans; Lipopeptides; MCF-7 Cells; Glycine max
PubMed: 34361631
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154478 -
Journal of Nematology Feb 2023Vineyards, covering over seven million hectares worldwide, hold significant socio-cultural importance. Traditionally reliant on conventional practices and agrochemicals,...
Vineyards, covering over seven million hectares worldwide, hold significant socio-cultural importance. Traditionally reliant on conventional practices and agrochemicals, this agroecosystem faces environmental challenges, including soil and water pollution. Sustainable viticulture, driven by eco-friendly practices and cost reduction, has gained prominence, underlining the importance of biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). EPNs naturally occurr in vineyard soils and play a crucial role in controlling pest damage. Ensuring compatibility between EPNs and the commonly used vineyard fungicides is critical, as these applications constitute the predominant pest-management practice during the productive grapevine cycle. This study assessed the impact of authorized grapevine fungicides on EPNs, focusing on the survival of populations and sublethal effects on their virulence. We investigated the compatibility of two EPN populations ( 107 and 'All') with three organic production-approved products (, sulfur, and copper oxychloride) and two synthetic chemicals (Trifloxystrobin and Mancozeb). Our findings revealed that the viability of 107 was reduced when exposed to sulfur and copper oxychloride, and its virulence was affected by copper oxychloride and Mancozeb, although only two days after exposure and with no significant differences for larval mortality at five days. In contrast, 'All' exhibited full compatibility with all five fungicides, with no impact on its viability or virulence. Consequently, our results suggested that the evaluated fungicides could be co-applied on both EPN populations if they were employed on the same day. However, further research on multi-target interactions is needed to ensure the successful implementation of this kind of co-application.
PubMed: 38026548
DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2023-0057 -
AoB PLANTS Aug 2019The present study was carried out to investigate how plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) influence plant growth and uptake of boron (B) and phosphorus (P) in rapeseed...
The present study was carried out to investigate how plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) influence plant growth and uptake of boron (B) and phosphorus (P) in rapeseed (). Rapeseed was subjected to control, B, P and B + P treatments, either with or without (PGPB) inoculation, and grown in pot culture for 6 weeks. In the absence of , the addition of B, P or both elements improved the growth of rapeseed compared with the control. Interestingly, inoculation inhibited plant growth and enhanced B uptake under B and B + P but not under control and P conditions. In addition, inoculation decreased the pH of soil under B and B + P supplies. inoculation thus increased rapeseed B uptake and inhibited growth under B supply, which suggests that the effects of PGPB on rapeseed growth depend on the addition of B to soil. inoculation may therefore be recommended for the enhancement of rapeseed B levels in B-deficient soils but not in B-sufficient ones.
PubMed: 31321016
DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz036 -
Poultry Science Mar 2021Probiotics are being developed as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of 2 novel strains of Bacillus pumilus...
Effects of novel probiotic strains of Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis on production, gut health, and immunity of broiler chickens raised under suboptimal conditions.
Probiotics are being developed as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of 2 novel strains of Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis on production, intestinal microbiota, gut health, and immunity of broilers raised under suboptimal conditions. Day-old chicks (Cobb 500, n = 2,073) were randomly assigned into 6 groups: Con group (group fed with basal diet), Ab group (group treated with virginiamycin), groups treated with 2 levels of B. pumilus (low dose: 3 × 10 cfu/kg of feed [BPL] and high dose: 1 × 10 cfu/kg [BPH]), and groups treated with 2 levels of B. subtilis (low dose: 3 × 10 cfu/kg [BSL] and high dose: 1 × 10 cfu/kg [BSH]). Production parameters were recorded weekly. Cecal tonsils and content as well as ileum samples were collected on day 14 and day 42. Cecal tonsils were used to sort T-regulatory cells (CD4+CD8-CD25+ and CD4+CD8+CD25+) to study expression of IL-10 and interferon gamma, whereas cecal content was used for bacterial culture. Ileum samples were used to measure gene expression of tight junction proteins, mucin, and cytokines. BW and feed intake increased in the Ab, BPL, BSL, and BSH groups compared with the Con group between day 35 and day 42. The CD4+CD8-CD25+ cells expressed high levels of IL-10 in the BSH group on day 14 and in the BPL, BSL, and BSH groups on day 42 and high levels of interferon gamma in the BPL, BSL, and BSH groups on day 14 and in the BSL and BSH groups on day 42. The expression of IL-10 and interferon gamma in CD4+CD8+CD25+ cells was higher only in the BSH group on day 14 and day 42. Cecal bacterial populations of genera, Lactobacillus (day 14 and day 42) and Clostridium (day 14), were higher in the BSH group. Expression of tight junction protein increased significantly in the ileum on day 14 in the BPL (occludin, zona occludens 1 [ZO-1]), BSL (occludin, ZO-1), and BSH (occludin, ZO-1, junctional adhesion molecule 2 [JAM-2]) groups compared with that in the Con group and declined in all groups except in the BSH group (occludin, ZO-1, JAM-2) on day 42. Expression of MUC2 and IL-17F increased in all groups on day 14 and remained high on day 42 in the BSL and BSH groups. Taken together, both Bacillus probiotics altered the intestinal and immune activities, particularly on day 14, suggesting beneficial influence of probiotics.
Topics: Animals; Bacillus pumilus; Bacillus subtilis; Chickens; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Probiotics; Random Allocation
PubMed: 33516480
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.048 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022There are complex interactions between mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHBs) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, with MHBs promoting mycorrhizal synthesis and ECM fungi...
There are complex interactions between mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHBs) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, with MHBs promoting mycorrhizal synthesis and ECM fungi regulating plant rhizobacterial colonization, diversity, and function. In this study, to investigate whether the ECM fungus sp. Rl affects the survival and colonization of the MHB strain HR10 in the rhizosphere, the biomass of HR10 was measured in the rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere. In addition, extracts of sp. Rl and were evaluated for their effect on HR10 colonization (growth, sporulation, biofilm formation, extracellular polysaccharide and extracellular protein contents, flagellar motility, and expression of colonization-related genes). The results showed that inoculation of sp. Rl significantly increased the biomass of HR10 in the rhizosphere; however, while extracts of sp. Rl and did not affect the biomass or spore formation of HR10, they did affect its biofilm formation, extracellular polysaccharide and extracellular protein production, and flagellar motility. Furthermore, the addition of symbiont extracts affected the expression of chemotaxis-related genes in HR10. When the extracts were added separately, the expression of genes in HR10 increased; when the extracts were added simultaneously, the expression of the flagellin gene in HR10 increased, but there was no significant effect on the expression of srf genes, consistent with the results on biofilm production. Thus, sp. Rl and roots had a positive effect on colonization by HR10 at the rhizosphere level through their secretions.
PubMed: 35330763
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.818912 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Aug 2015Thermo alkaline mannanase was purified from the bacteria of Bacillus pumilus (M27) using the techniques of ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange...
Thermo alkaline mannanase was purified from the bacteria of Bacillus pumilus (M27) using the techniques of ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S200 gel filtration chromatography with 111-fold and 36 % yield. It was determined that the enzyme had 2 sub-units including 35 kDa and 55 kDa in gel filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis systems. The optimum pH and temperature was determined as 8 and 60 °C, respectively. It was also noticed that the enzyme did not lose its activity at a wide interval such as pH 3-11 and at high temperatures such as 90 °C. Additionally, the effects of some metal ions on the mannanase enzyme activity. Moreover, the clarifying efficiency of purified mannanase enzyme with some fruit juices such as orange, apricot, grape and apple was also investigated. Enzymatic treatment was carried out with 1 mL L(-1) of purified mannanase for 1 h at 60 °C. It was determined that the highest pure enzyme was efficient upon clarifying the apple juice at 154 % rate.
PubMed: 26243955
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1609-y -
Journal of Taibah University Medical... Jun 2023This study highlighted the dissemination of species (including drug-resistant species) in public hospital environments and calls for the design of optimal strategies to...
OBJECTIVE
This study highlighted the dissemination of species (including drug-resistant species) in public hospital environments and calls for the design of optimal strategies to curb their spread. This a critical consideration for all health care systems such as caring for the increasing number of immune-compromised patient.
METHODS
A total of 528 swab samples were collected from the environments of different Saudi hospitals. Swab samples were collected by swabbing approximately 5 cm of different surfaces at each site using pre-moisturized cotton swabs with 1 mL of neutralizing buffer. The swabs were transported in cool boxes with ice packs within 2 h of collection. Isolation and identification were performed according to conventional bacteriological, semi-automated and molecular characterization methods. Antibiogram typing was carried against different groups of antimicrobial agents.
RESULTS
The most prevalent of the isolated species were (46.6%) followed by (38.1%); the least prevalent was (1.1%). Most isolates (25.6%) were isolated from the Department of Internal Medicine followed by the Emergency Department (18.8%), while the operating rooms had the lowest prevalence (4.5%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high levels of resistance in isolates to β-lactams and tetracycline. Overall, 21.6% of isolates showed multi-drug resistance to three or more antibiotics (21.6%). Antibiogram typing of the 176 isolates revealed 45 antibiotypes; the most common was antibiotype 31, which included 32 isolates (18.2%); this particular antibiotype was resistant to both penicillin and cefoxitin.
CONCLUSIONS
Analyses identified the high dissemination of species in several hospital environments with high resistance to β-lactams and tetracycline antibiotics. Molecular analysis also revealed the existence of genetic diversity among the isolates investigated. Thus, monitoring the hospital environment is an important tool in the prevention of hospital-associated infection by species.
PubMed: 36818182
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.10.016 -
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology Dec 2018The extracellular xylanase secreted by microorganisms is a hydrolytic enzyme, which arbitrarily cleaves the β-1, 4 backbone of the polysaccharide xylan; an enzyme used...
BACKGROUND
The extracellular xylanase secreted by microorganisms is a hydrolytic enzyme, which arbitrarily cleaves the β-1, 4 backbone of the polysaccharide xylan; an enzyme used in the food processing, bio-pulping and bio-bleaching. The commercial production of the xylanase is limited because of a higher cost involvement, which can be overcome by the cost-effective production of the xylanase through immobilization of the microbial cell by the non-toxic substances.
OBJECTIVES
In this work, the optimization of the extra-cellular cellulase free xylanase production by the immobilized cell of the IMAU80221 strain using Ca-alginate beads along with standardization of the various parameters for a higher xylanase production were studied.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Following to sterilization, the Na-alginate solution was mixed with the bacterial suspension of the IMAU80221 and was added drop by drop into the 1 M calcium chloride solution for 1 h for obtaining a uniform sized polymeric bead of the Ca-alginate. For xylanase production, the Ca-alginate beads were then transferred into 100 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with 20 mL of the culture medium containing (w/v) 0.02% NaCl, 0.02% MgSO, 0.04% (KH)PO, 0.1% peptone, and 0.5% xylan and incubated at 34 °C in an incubator shaker (150 rpm) for 24 h. The resultant supernatant (crude enzyme) was used for enzyme assay.
RESULTS
The maximum xylanase production by the free cell (1.9 U.mL.min) was recorded at 48 h which was 40.5% lower than the xylanase production by the immobilized cell (2.67 U.mL.min) at the same time. The beads containing the immobilized cells could be reused up to eight fermentation cycles for xylanase production and retained 83.5% of the productivity at the fourth cycle. The entrapped cells were stable after six months of storage at 4 °C and retained 68% of the xylanase productivity.
CONCLUSION
Cellulase free xylanase production from the immobilized IMAU80221 was optimized. The xylanase production by the immobilized cells of was higher by 40.5 and 132.6 % over the free cells respectively after 48 and 72 h of the incubation.
PubMed: 31457031
DOI: 10.21859/ijb.1658 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2023Uterine infections are a major source of economic losses to dairy farmers. The uterine microbiota as well as opportunistic uterine contaminants can contribute to the...
Uterine infections are a major source of economic losses to dairy farmers. The uterine microbiota as well as opportunistic uterine contaminants can contribute to the development of endometritis in dairy cows during the postpartum period. Therefore, it is important to characterize potential pathogens and to further elucidate their role in the disease. In this study, we aimed to characterize field isolates to obtain more details regarding their effect on uterine cells by using an in vitro endometrial epithelial primary cells model. We found that isolates possessed the keratinase genes and and therefore may produce keratinases. When primary endometrial epithelial cells were infected with 4 different strains, an effect on cellular viability was observed over the course of 72 h. The effect was dose-dependent and time-dependent. Nevertheless, significant differences between the strains were not observed. All tested strains reduced the viability of the primary cells after 72 h of incubation, indicating that potentially has a pathogenic effect on endometrial epithelial cells.
PubMed: 37106860
DOI: 10.3390/ani13081297 -
AMB Express May 2022A previous study found that a biocontrol bacterium, Bacillus pumilus HR10, inhibited the Sphaeropsis shoot blight disease of pine, and the fermentation broth of HR10...
A previous study found that a biocontrol bacterium, Bacillus pumilus HR10, inhibited the Sphaeropsis shoot blight disease of pine, and the fermentation broth of HR10 strain contained protein antifungal substances. The optimal formulation of the fermentation medium for the antagonistic substance of B. pumilus HR10 was finally obtained by single-factor test, Packett-Burman test, steepest ascent test and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) response surface test, and the best formulation of the fermentation medium for the antagonistic substance of B. pumilus HR10 was 12 g/L corn meal, 15 g/L beef extract and 13 g/L magnesium sulfate, with a predicted bacterial inhibition rate of 89%. The fermentation filtrate of B. pumilus HR10 cultured with the optimized medium formulation was verified to have an inhibition rate of (87.04 ± 3.2) % on the growth of Sphaeropsis sapinea by three replicate tests. The antagonistic crude protein of B. pumilus HR10 were further isolated and identified using HiTrap Capto Q strong Ion-Exchange Chromatography and LC-MS-MS, and it was speculated that glycoside hydrolase (Ghy), beta-glucanase (Beta), arabinogalactan endonuclease β-1,4-galactanase (Arab), and immunosuppressant A (ImA) are proteins with antagonistic activity against S. sapinea in the B. pumilus HR10.
PubMed: 35606553
DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01401-1